2017_18
Guía docente 
Facultad de Enología
A A A 
castellano 
Grado en Biotecnología (2009)
 Asignaturas
  BIOTECNOLOGÍA MOLECULAR ANIMAL Y VEGETAL
   Contenidos
tema Subtema
VEGETAL TEMA 1. Introducción a la biotecnología vegetal Definiciones
Datos de producción
Evolución de la mejora vegetal
Aplicaciones
VEGETAL TEMA 3. Cultivos celulares vegetales Cultivos in vitro vegetales
Etapas
Aplicaciones
Explantes
VEGETAL TEMA 4. Variación somaclonal
 Definición
Factores
Ventajas e inconvenientes
Métodos de detección
VEGETAL TEMA 5. Agrobacterium tumefaciens Definición
Plásmido Ti
Mecanismo de actuación
Aplicación en ingeniería
genética
VEGETAL TEMA 6. Técnicas de transferencia génica
en vegetales 		Limitaciones Agrobacterium
Técnicas de transferencia directa
Transformación de protoplastos
Biolística
Electroporación
Microinyección
Whiskers
Plant biotechnology. Topic 6 Modifying the plant genome RNAi
Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN)
Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
CRISPR/Cas9
T-DNA and transposon’s insertions
TILLING (targeted induced local lesions in the genome)
Animal biotechnology. Topic 1. Introduction to animal biotechnology Definition and objectives
Historical facts
The technologies involved
Applications
Regulation and concerns
Animal biotechnology. Topic 2. Animals as laboratory tools
Natural and laboratory populations
Key principles of 3Rs
Mouse as model system
Genetic standardization
Inbred strains, F1 hybrids, coisogenic, congenic and outbred strains among others
Mouse nomenclature
Genetic drift and substrain development
Genetic integrity monitoring and SNPs
Cryopreservation
Animal biotechnology. Topic 3. Early embryogenesis and reproductive biology in laboratory mouse Preformism versus epigenesis
Stages of embryogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Fertilization
Acrosomal and cortical reaction
Cleavage divisions
Zygote, morula, blastula, blastocyst
Gastrulation
Ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
Organogenesis
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
Reproductive characteristics
Sex determination
Male anatomy and sperm production
Female anatomy and egg production
Estrous cycle
Mating options
Problems
Animal biotechnology. Topic 4. Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) in human and animals Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs)
Human infertility
Causes of female and male infertility
Controled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and artificial insemination (AI)
Cryopreservation- egg, sperm and embryo banking
Sex determination
In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Preimplantation genetic diagnostics (PGD)
Omics in reproductive medicine
Animal biotechnology. Topic 5. Cloning Reproductive cloning:
Embryos and biotechnology
Reproductive and therapeutic cloning
History of cloning
Embryo splitting
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) Dolly
Problems and difficulties
Cloning of endangered and extinct species
Therapeutic cloning:
Regenerative medicine and therapeutic cloning
Stem cells
Adult stem cells
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)
Applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery
Animal biotechnology. Topic 6. Non-targeted transgenesis Physiological, pathological and induced models
Forward versus reverse genetics
Non-targeted transgenesis
Pronuclear injection (PNI)
Viral transgenesis
Sperm-mediated transgenesis
Animal biotechnology. Topic 7. Targeted transgenesis Gene targeting
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells
Homologous recombination
Positive and negative selection of ES cell clones
Typical gene targeting experiment
Blastocyst injection
Chimera production and breeding
YAC transgenes
Knock out (KO) and Knock in (KI)
Conditional strategies
Cre/loxP recombination system
Flp/Frt system
Inducible strategies
Cre-ERT system
TetOn/TetOff systems
Reporter mouse
RNAi
Animal biotechnology. Topic 8. Applications in transgenic livestock Transgenic livestock
Methodologies
Pharming (biopharming)
Applications in agriculture: enhanced nutrition, reduced environmental impact, enhanced milk,
enhanced growth rates and carcass composition, improved disease resistance, improved reproductive performance and fecundity, improved hair and fiber
Risks and conclusions
Animal Topic 9 Transgenesis and pathology
 Non-targeted transgenesis and HER2 TG mice in breast cancer
Targeted transgenesis, colon stem cells and colon cancer
Lineage tracing in KI mice
Aging
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)