IDENTIFYING DATA 2014_15
Subject (*) CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION AND CHEMISTRY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS Code 12645203
Study programme
Quaternary Archaeology and Human Evolution (2010)
 Cycle 2nd
Descriptors Credits Type Year Period
5 Optional AN
Language
Anglès
Department Història i Història de l'Art
Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
Química Física i Inorgànica
Coordinator
AGUILÓ DÍAZ, MAGDALENA
 E-mail magdalena.aguilo@urv.cat
jordi.riu@urv.cat
Lecturers
AGUILÓ DÍAZ, MAGDALENA
RIU RUSELL, JORDI
Web http://prehistoria.urv.net
General description and relevant information The course aims to introduce students to scientific language, the basics of composition and structure of matter in general and archaeological materials, the techniques of X-ray- diffraction, and the most important instrumental analytical techniques to characterize them.

Competences
Type A Code Competences Specific
  Common
Type B Code Competences Transversal
  Common
Type C Code Competences Nuclear
  Common

Learning aims
Objectives Competences
Understanding the basics of composition and structure of archaeological materials. A1
A11
 B2
B13
 C1
C4
Identify materials of archaeological interest, by X-ray diffraction of crystalline powder. Using JCPDS database. A2
A7
A11
 B2
B13
 C1
C4
Learn extract useful information from chemical data, based on the interpretation of tables and graphs, and use of appropriate software. A2
A7
A11
 B2
 C1
C4

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
1.1.Basic fundamentals in the materials and their characterization


Introductory sessions
1.2.Atomic Structure and interatomic bonding.composition of materials Atomic Structure. Electrons in atoms. Fundamental concepts.

The Periodic Table. Composition.

Atomic bonding in solids: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic.


The principal elements of the crust of the earth.
1.3. The Structure of crystalline solids Fundamental Concepts. Periodicity.

Unit cells. Crystal Systems.

Homogeneity, anisotropy and symmetry.


Morphology and crystalline structure.
1.4.Physical properties of materials Their relationships with the composition and the crystalline structure
1.5.Characterization techniques X-Ray Diffraction. Crystalline Powder X-R Diffraction
1.6.Minerals. Classification Minerals. General aspects and relative abundance.

Classification of minerals.
1.7.Practice Program 1.-Metals and a mixture of metals identification.
2.- Identification of a mixture of metals and an alloy.
3.- Study of the components of coins. Others metals samples.
4.-Characterization of the mineralization in natural products.
5.-Characterization of the mineralization in fossils.
6.- Different Silex samples.
7.- Characterization of the pigment and the substrate in an ancient picture.
8.- Visit to the Scientific Resources Service of the URV . X-Ray Diffraction equipments. Samples Preparation. Using Software and results analysis.
2.1 Archaeology and analytical chemistry


 - An introduction to analytical chemistry
- Archaeometry today
2.2 Dating methods

 - radiocarbon dating
- problems and limitations
2.3 Instrumental analysis
 - X-ray fluorescence
- commonly used spectroscopies
2.4 Extracting chemical information from data


 - cluster analysis
- principal components analysis
2.5 Recovery and analysis of DNA
 - DNA
- ancient DNA: retrieving information

Planning
Methodologies  ::  Tests
  Competences (*) Class hours Hours outside the classroom (**) Total hours
Introductory activities
1 0 1
 
Laboratory practicals
4 0 4
Lecture
40 25 65
Assignments
0 50 50
 
Personal tuition
1 0 1
 
Extended-answer tests
2 0 2
Extended-answer tests
2 0 2
 
(*) On e-learning, hours of virtual attendance of the teacher.
(**) The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies
  Description
Introductory activities Introduction to concepts and analytical techniques of archaeological materials. Standing Group
Laboratory practicals Material characterization of archaeological interest crystalline powder diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: metals, alloys, coins, minerals, rocks, chert, fossils, shells, teeth, pottery of different periods and locations, pigments and paints.

Sample preparation.

Visit the Services Resource Scientists at the University Rovira i Virgili.
Lecture Lectures with exposure of the agenda items.
Assignments Individual deeper into a topic of interest related to the concepts learned.
Personal tuition Evaluation and ongoing support in the development and monitoring of the work of learning

Personalized attention
 
Personal tuition
Description
Evaluation and ongoing support in the development and monitoring of the work of learning

Assessment
  Description Weight
Assignments Individual deeper into a topic of interest related to the concepts learned. 20%
Extended-answer tests Prova escrita sobre la part de caracterització química 30%
Extended-answer tests Written test on the crystallographic characterization 30%
Others

Asistència i participació a la classe.

20%
 
Other comments and second exam session



Sources of information

Basic

REFERENCES

W.A. Callister, Jr.  /Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering / An interactive e-text..John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001

W.A. Callister, Jr.  /Introducción a la Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales. Ed. Reverté, 1995.

W.A. Callister, Jr.  Materials Science and engineering. An introduction. John Wiley and Sons, inc, 1985, 1991, 1994,2000

Cornelius Klein et al. /Manual de Mineralogía 4ª Edición. (J.D.Dana)./ Ed. Reverté, 1997.

Pollard, A.M. and Heron, C. /Archaeological Chemistry. /The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1996.

Cours Intensif Européen. /Datation-caractérisation des céramiques anciennes.  /Bordeaux-Talence, 6-18 avril 1981.
Complementary

Recommendations
(*)The teaching guide is the document in which the URV publishes the information about all its courses. It is a public document and cannot be modified. Only in exceptional cases can it be revised by the competent agent or duly revised so that it is in line with current legislation.