| Competences |
| Type A | Code | Competences Specific |
| Type B | Code | Competences Transversal |
| Type C | Code | Competences Nuclear |
| Learning outcomes |
| Type A | Code | Learning outcomes |
| Type B | Code | Learning outcomes |
| Type C | Code | Learning outcomes |
| Contents |
| Topic | Sub-topic |
| 1. Introduction | Field of study of epigenetics: stable and heritable gene expression patterns, and their associated phenotypes, dependent on the structure of chromatin and independent of changes in the DNA sequence. Examples of epigenetic phenomena: - Sacharomyces cerevisiae: mating-type switching. - Bees queens, males and workers. - Reptiles and fish: plasticity in the determination of sex. - Mammals: inactivation of chromosome X. |
| 2. Epigenetic mechanisms. | • Methylation of the DNA. • Modifications of histones. • Remodeling of chromatin dependent on ATP. • Variants of histones and occupation of the nucleosome. • Effect proteins that read the histone marks. • Small non-coding RNAs: miRNA, siRNA, pyRNA. • Methylation of the RNA. • Prions. |
| 3. Epigenetics of embryonic development and cell differentiation. | • Polycomb and Trithorax proteins • Caenorhabditis elegans • Drosophila melanogaster • Mammals: specification of cell destiny, cell lineages and differentiation of tissues • Epigenetic profile of Embrionary Stem Cell and nuclear reprogramming. |
| 4. Sexual determination and gene dosage compensation. | • Caenorhabditis elegans • Drosophila melanogaster • Pisces • Reptiles • Mammals, inactivation of the X chromosome. |
| 5. Genomic imprint and transgeneral epigenetics in mammals | • Epigenetic inheritance through meiosis. • Reprogramming of epigenetic marks in germinal lines. • Maternal and father epigenetic inheritance. • Differential Methylation of Fingerprint Control Regions. • Hypothesis of the genetic conflict. • Relevance of epigenetic inheritance in diseases. • Contribution of transgenerational epigenetics to the evolution of species. |
| 6. Epigenetic effects dependent on Nutrition | • Bees and ants. • Mammals: epigenetic effects of the diet and its components in obesity and diabetes. • Mammals: Effects of nutrition and maternal health on epigenetic marks, development and health of children. |
| 7. Epigenetics and cancer. | • Genetic and epigenetic injuries in cancer. • Anomalous methods of DNA methylation and histone variants in cancer. • Genetic alterations in genes of histone modifying enzymes. • Role of microRNAs in cancer. • Telomeres and stability of chromosomes in cancer. |
| 8. Epigenetic memory in plants. | • Pluripotency of plant cells. • Regulation of responses to low temperatures for varnishing and acclimatization to cold. |
| 9. Discussion topics: | * Epigenetics in Assisted Reproduction. * Epigenetics in Regenerative Medicine. * Epigenetics in Cloning. * Epigenetics and transgenic foods. * Epigenetics in hybrid species: mules and ligands. |
| Planning |
| Methodologies :: Tests | ||||||||||
| Competences | (*) Class hours |
Hours outside the classroom |
(**) Total hours | |||||||
| Introductory activities |
|
1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
| Lecture |
|
18 | 18 | 36 | ||||||
| Personal tuition |
|
1 | 0 | 1 | ||||||
| Mixed tests |
|
12 | 25 | 37 | ||||||
| (*) On e-learning, hours of virtual attendance of the teacher. (**) The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students. | ||||||||||
| Methodologies |
| Description | |
| Introductory activities | Activities aimed at taking contact and collecting information from the students and presenting the subject. |
| Lecture | Exposition of the subject content. |
| Personal tuition | Time that the teacher has reserved to solve student's queries and doubts. |
| Personalized attention |
| Description |
| The teacher answers and solves doubts of the students in class or in the office by a previous appointment. |
| Assessment |
| Methodologies | Competences | Description | Weight | ||||
| Mixed tests |
|
Tests that combine development questions and short objective questions. Objective multiple-choice and/or presentations of written and/or oral works. |
100% | ||||
| Others |
| Other comments and second exam session | |||
|
It is necessary to obtain a 4/10 in each assessment test to pass the subject. Second call: each test can be recovered in second call independently of the other tests. During the evaluation tests, mobile phones, tablets and other devices that are not expressly authorized for the test, must be turned off and out of sight. The demonstrable fraudulent realization of some evaluation activity of a subject both in material and virtual and electronic support entails the student's failure mark of this evaluation activity. Regardless of this, given the seriousness of the events, the center may propose the initiation of a disciplinary file, which will be opened by resolution of the rector. |
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| Sources of information |
| Basic |
Trygve Tollefsbol (Editor) , Handbook of Epigenetics: The New Molecular and Medical Genetics , 1, 2010
Craig and Wong (Editors), Epigenetics: A Reference Manual, 1, 2011
Robert A. Meyers (Editor), Epigenetic Regulation and Epigenomics, 1, 2012
Nilanjana Maulik, Gautam Maulik (Editors), Nutrition, Epigenetic Mechanisms, and Human Disease, 1, 2010
Sang-Woon Choi and Simonetta Friso (Editors) , Nutrients in Epigenetics, 1, 2009
Mihai D. Niculescu and Paul Haggarty (Editors), Nutrition in Epigenetics, 1, 2011
C. David Allis, Thomas Jenuwein, Danny Reinberg (Editors), Epigenetics, 1, 2008
Jorg Tost (Editor) , Epigenetics, 1, 2008 |
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| Complementary |
The University of Utah, http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/, ,
Frank Grosveld and Steven Henikoff (Editors), EPIGENETICS AND CHROMATIN, e-journal, http://www.epigeneticsandchromatin.com/, mensual, Oct 2008 - present
Trygve Tollefsbol (Editor), Cancer Epigenetics, 1, 2009
Scott F. Gilbert and David Epel, ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. Integrating Epigenetics, Medicine and Evolution. , 1, 2009
, EPIGENOMICS, e-journal, mensual, Oct 2009 (Vol. 1, no. 1) - present (1 any de reta
USA National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/epigenomics, , |
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| Recommendations |
| Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before | ||||
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(*)The teaching guide is the document in which the URV publishes the information about all its courses. It is a public document and cannot be modified. Only in exceptional cases can it be revised by the competent agent or duly revised so that it is in line with current legislation.