2021_22
Educational guide 
Faculty of Chemistry
A A A 
english 
Nutrition and Metabolism (2012)
 Subjects
  PHYSIOLOGY
   Contents
Topic Sub-topic
1. Introduction.

 1.1. Introduction
Structure and function of the human body. Internal environment and homeostasis. Concept of control and regulation. Regulatory body systems. Membrane potential. Action potential. Action potential to neuron, to muscle fibers and to autoexcitable tissue. Action potential propagation. Communication to the nervous tissue. Physiology of muscle contraction.
3. Blood and Immune System.

 3.1. Blood and Immune System.
Functions and characteristics of blood. Blood components. Haematopoiesis. Haematopoiesis regulation. Morphology and functions of erythrocytes and leucocytes. Role of haemoglobin on erythrocyte function. Red cell indices. Regulation of erythropoiesis. Life cycle of erythrocytes. Leukocytes: type, morphology and functions. Haemostasis. Inflammation. Tissue repair.
2. Nervous System. 2.1. Nervous System
Organization, structure and functions. Sensorial receptors and somatic sensitivity. Special senses. Motor functions. Autonomic nervous system. Central nervous system. Superior functions of the nervous system. Dream.
7. Digestive System.

7.1. Digestive System
Organization and functions. Enteric nervous system. Gastrointestinal hormones and peptides. Gastrointestinal motility. Mouth. Salivary glands. Mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth. Pharynx and oesophagus. Swallowing. Stomach. Regulation of hydrochloric acid secretion. Gastric mucosa barrier. Motility and gastric emptying. Liver and biliary system. Pancreas. Small intestine. Digestion of carbohydrates. Monosaccharide absorption. Protein digestion. Absorption of peptides and amino acids. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes. Absorption of minerals and vitamins. Regulation of nutrient absorption. Large intestine. Absorption of water and electrolytes. Formation of faeces. Defecation reflex.
8. Endocrine System.
8.1. Endocrine system
Organization and functions. Concept and type of hormones. Mechanisms of hormonal actions. Control of hormonal secretion. Hypophysis. Somatotropin and growth physiology. Thyroid. Adrenal medulla. Adrenal cortex. Endocrine pancreas and glucose regulation. Regulation of calcemia and phosphatemia.
9. Reproductive System.

9.1. Reproductive system.
Organization and functions. Neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive functions. Male reproductive system. Spermatogenesis. Endocrine function of testis. Puberty. Penis, semen and male sexual reflexes. Female reproductive system. Menstrual cycle. Oogenesis and ovarian cycle. Endocrine function of the ovaries. Cervical and vaginal cycle. Puberty and menopause. Vulva and female sexual reflexes. Fertilization, gestation and part. Mammary gland and lactation.
4.Cardiovascular System. 4.1. Cardiovascular System
Organization and functions. Electrical activity of the heart. Electrocardiogram. Mechanical activity of the heart and volume per minute. Adjusting the volume per minute. Cardiac cycle. Vascular system and blood dynamics. Arterial and venous circulation. Capillary and lymphatic circulation. Local regulation of blood flow. Regulation of blood pressure. Coronary circulation. Cerebral circulation.
5. Respiratory System.
5.1. Respiratory system.
Organization and functions. Anatomy. Alveoli and respiratory membrane. Lungs irrigation. Pulmonary ventilation and ventilatory mechanics. External respiration. Transport of blood gases. Internal breathing.
6. Renal System.
6.1. Renal system.
Organization and functions. Anatomy and irrigation of the kidneys. Structure of the nephron. Urine formation. Glomerular filtration and glomerular filtration rate. Regulatory mechanisms. Tubular functions: secretion and absorption. Mechanisms of concentration and dilution of urine. Anatomy and histology of the urinary tract. Transport and storage of urine. Micturition reflex.